Saksagan
Intercessory Prayer to Mary
The icon clearly functions as an intercessory image, in which the viewer prays to the Virgin Mary to intercede with Christ on behalf of...
Floral Decorations and Inscriptions
The lower edge of the icon is decorated with a garland of flowers, including roses, tulips, and violets with green leaves. These floral motifs...
The Icon’s Main Figures
The icon shows the Virgin Mary and the Christ Child at its center. Mary is dressed in a green undergarment covered with a bright...
Harbour of the Bucoleon
The Harbour of the Bucoleon was one of the most important and elegant harbours in Constantinople. It was directly attached to the Great Palace,...
The Harbours on the Sea of Marmara
One of the most remarkable features of Byzantine Constantinople was the number of harbours along the southern shore of the city, on the Sea...
Constantinople and the Defense of Civilization
The city of Constantinople played a crucial role in the history of Europe and the Mediterranean world. Its people faced numerous enemies over the...
The Identification of the Palace of Mangana
The Importance of the Church of St. Saviour
The view that the ruins discovered near İncili Köşk belong to the Palace of Mangana, rather than...
Evidence Before and After the Turkish Conquest
Agreement of Earlier and Later Sources
The evidence gathered from writers after the Turkish Conquest is in striking agreement with the descriptions given by authors...
Early References After the Fall of Constantinople
Gyllius and the First Post-1453 Account
The first writer who mentions the church and the holy spring after the year 1453 is Pierre Gyllius. While...
Location of the Second Basilike Pyle
If we accept that the title Basilike Pyle, or Imperial Gate, was applied to more than one entrance along the Harbour Walls, then there...
